Stoma

What is a Stoma?
A stoma is a surgically created opening connecting an internal organ to the surface of the body. The most common types of stomas in intestinal surgery are "ileostomy" (connection of small intestine to the abdominal wall) and a "colostomy" (connecting the large intestine to the abdominal wall).

A stoma may be temporary or permanent. A temporary stoma may be required if the intestinal tract cannot be properly prepared for surgery because of blockage by disease or scar tissue. It may also be created to allow inflammation or an operative site to heal without contamination by stool. Temporary stoma can usually be reversed with minimal or no loss of intestinal function.

A permanent stoma may be required when disease, or its treatment impairs normal intestinal function or when the muscles that control elimination do not work properly or require removal; e.g. in low rectal cancer.

How Will I Control My Bowel Movements?
Once a stoma has been created, your stoma nurse will teach you to attach and care for a pouch called a stoma appliance (stoma bag). The pouch is made of plastic and is held to the body with an adhesive. The pouch is disposable and is emptied or changed as needed. The system is quite secure; "accidents" are not common and the pouches are odour-free.

Your bowel movements will naturally empty into the pouch. The frequency and quantity of your bowel movements will vary, depending on the type of stoma you have, your diet and your bowel habits prior to surgery.

Will Other People Know That I Have A Stoma?
Not unless you tell them. It is easily hidden by your usual clothing. You probably have met people with a stoma and not realised it!


Where Will The Stoma Be?
It is best placed on a flat portion of the abdominal wall. Before undergoing surgery to create a stoma, your stoma nurse will mark an appropriate place on your abdominal wall not constricted by your belt-line. A colostomy is usually placed to the left of your navel and an ileostomy to the right.

Will My Physical Activities Be Limited?
Usually no. All your usual activities, including active sports may be resumed once healing from surgery is complete.

Will A Stoma Affect My Sex Life?
Most patients with stomas resume their usual sexual activity. Many people worry about how their partner will think of them because of their appliance. This perceived change in one's body image can be overcome by a strong relationship, time and patience. Support groups are also available.

What Are The Complications of A Stoma?
Local skin irritation can occur; usually minor and can be easily remedied. Problems such as a hernia associated with the stoma or prolapse of the stoma (protrusion of the bowel) occasionally require surgery if they cause significant symptoms.




Living with a stoma will require some adjustments and learning, but an active and fulfilling life is still possible and likely. Your surgeon and stoma nurse will provide you with skills and support to help you better live with your stoma.

Source: ASCRS